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L’IA générative
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) soulève de nombreuses questions en matière de propriété intellectuelle (PI).
Mondial | Publication | January 2024
On 1 September 2023, the Luxembourg law of 14 July 2023 establishing a mechanism for the national screening of foreign direct investments (the Law) entered into force. Transactions signed on or after that date, as well as transactions that were signed before that date but have not yet closed, will now be subject to a mandatory notification to the Luxembourg Ministry of Economy (the Ministry) if they meet the following notification requirements.
Notification requirements
Prior notification to the Ministry is required for investments of any kind resulting in “foreign investors”’ acquiring “control” over entities established in Luxembourg that carry out “critical activities” in Luxembourg.
A “foreign investor” is broadly defined as a natural or legal person governed by foreign (non-EEA) law.
“Critical activities” include:
The following activities are also encompassed in the scope of “critical activities”:
A foreign investor is deemed to acquire control over a Luxembourg entity where it, directly or indirectly:
Review procedure
Reportable investments must be notified to the Ministry prior to their implementation. As an exception, where the investor reaches the 25% threshold of voting rights due to events modifying the distribution of the capital, the investor has 15 calendar days to notify the Ministry of the event.
The review process by the Ministry consists of two phases:
The above time limits can be prolonged in case of requests for additional information, which suspend the relevant review periods.
The Ministry’s decision may be appealed before the Luxembourg administrative tribunal within one month following notification of the decision.
Sanctions for non-compliance
In case of non-compliance with the Law, the Ministry may impose administrative measures and sanctions. Administrative measures can include, amongst others, a modification order, unwinding, and revocation of the authorization (in case of failure to implement conditions prescribed by the authorization decision). In addition, the Ministry may impose fines of up to EUR 1 million if the foreign investor is a natural person and up to EUR 5 million if the foreign investor is a legal person.
Publication
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) soulève de nombreuses questions en matière de propriété intellectuelle (PI).
Publication
Depuis 2022, le gouvernement du Canada a apporté trois vagues de modifications à la Loi sur la concurrence (Loi), apportant des modifications importantes aux lois canadiennes sur la concurrence, les plus récentes modifications ayant reçu la sanction royale le 20 juin 2024. Notre publication sur toutes les modifications se trouve ici.
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Les systèmes d’IA générative sont entraînés au moyen de gros volumes de données, souvent tirées de sources du domaine public qui peuvent être protégées par le droit d’auteur ou d’autres droits de propriété intellectuelle, comme un droit sur les bases de données au Royaume-Uni et dans l’UE.
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