US policy changes to critical mineral strategy included in “Unleashing American Energy” executive order

President Trump recently signed Executive Order - Unleashing American Energy (EO 14154) and Executive Order - Declaring a National Energy Emergency (EO 14159), which include new mining-related policies intended to bolster the United States’ production and processing of critical minerals.

The executive orders may represent a significant opportunity for businesses to access funding to meet the stated goals of strengthening domestic and allied supply chains.

A look at key critical mineral policy changes

Regulatory overhaul and incentives

Under the executive orders, federal agencies are now tasked with identifying and eliminating barriers to accelerate private investment and reduce project timelines. Critical mineral projects will be prioritized for federal funding, contingent on budget appropriations.

Advancing geological mapping and resource discovery

Prioritizing detailed geologic mapping to uncover previously unknown mineral deposits, expanding the US resource base to reduce dependency on imports and secure a stable supply of critical minerals. The US Geological Survey critical mineral list will also be re-evaluated to potentially include uranium.

Strengthening national and economic security

The National Defense Stockpile will be reviewed to ensure adequate reserves of critical minerals, protecting against potential supply disruptions. Simultaneously, the Department of Homeland Security has been directed to assess risks associated with minerals sourced through forced labor, ensuring ethical and secure supply chains. Additionally, certain US government agencies are required to submit a report within 60 days of January 20, 2025, to include policy recommendations to enhance the competitiveness of American mining and refining companies in other mineral-wealthy nations.

Countering unfair trade practices

The US Trade Representative is directed to review global practices that distort competition, particularly state-supported mineral projects. This initiative includes an evaluation by the Department of Commerce to identify and mitigate national security risks stemming from foreign mineral dependence and the potential for trade action.

Removal of the electric vehicle mandate

EO 14154 declares that it is US policy to “eliminate the electric vehicle mandate,” including by removing state emissions waivers and eliminating subsidies for electric vehicles.

Strategic alliances through the Quad

The Secretary of State is directed to consider opportunities to advance the mining and processing of minerals within the US through the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, which comprises of the US, India, Japan and Australia. This collaboration aims to reduce reliance on non-Quad nations and strengthen mineral supply chains.