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Global rules on foreign direct investment (FDI)
Cross-border acquisitions and investments increasingly trigger foreign direct investment (FDI) screening requirements.
United States | Publication | March 2021
On February 4, 2021, a state court of appeals panel held in Alvarez v. Altamed Health Services Corp. that an arbitration agreement's appellate arbitral review provision was substantively unconscionable because it favored the employer. While the provision in question provided that either party could seek appellate review of an initial arbitration award by a second arbitrator, in practice, only the employer was likely do so, thus "unilaterally adding costs and time to the arbitration proceeding by seeking this review and thereby maximizing the employer's status as the better resourced party."
However, the court held the appellate arbitral review provision severable as the employee failed to establish any other instance of substantive unconscionability. The court rejected the employee's arguments that the employer's failure to provide a Spanish translation of the arbitration agreement (where the employee preferred, but did not require, the translation) and failure to attach the AAA rules (absent a challenge to a specific AAA rule) were substantively unconscionable. Consequently, the court held the arbitration agreement to be enforceable, reversing the trial court's order. So, in addition to providing guidance on appellate arbitral review provisions, this is a nice case to keep in your back pocket when an employee throws everything but the kitchen sink in opposition to your motion to compel arbitration.
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Cross-border acquisitions and investments increasingly trigger foreign direct investment (FDI) screening requirements.
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On February 2, 2024, the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union confirmed that the Committee of Permanent Representatives had signed the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation, referred to as the AI Act. Approval by the EU Parliament followed on 13 March 2024, and the AI Act is likely to appear in the EU’s Official Journal around May 2024. The AI Act aims to establish a stringent legal framework governing the development, marketing, and utilisation of artificial intelligence within the region, thereby marking a significant advancement in the regulation of this burgeoning domain.
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The private credit market and direct lending have grown and diversified immensely in the past decade, offering alternative sources and terms of debt compared to those historically provided by the syndicated leveraged loan and public issuance markets. Consequently, they are fast becoming pivotal components in the capital ecosystem, so much so that the Bank of England consider that the private credit market is currently responsible for approximately $1.8 trillion of debt issuance, which is four times its size in 2015. This growth has been particularly pronounced in Europe and the US but there has also been significant activity in Asia.
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