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Global rules on foreign direct investment (FDI)
Cross-border acquisitions and investments increasingly trigger foreign direct investment (FDI) screening requirements.
Canada | Publication | November 12, 2021
On October 29, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that as of November 8, foreign travelers who are fully vaccinated for COVID-19 will be permitted to enter the United States for essential and non-essential travel through a land border or arrive by passenger ferry.
Those engaged in essential travel, including lawful trade, emergency response, and public health purposes, will not be required to be vaccinated at this time.
However, as of January 22, 2022 (not confirmed), all foreign travelers crossing US land borders or ferry terminals – whether for essential or non-essential reasons – must be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide related proof of vaccination.
As set out in a DHS fact sheet, when arriving at a US land port of entry or ferry terminal, foreign travelers, including Canadians, should be prepared to:
Land border travel will mirror the guidelines set out for air travel when it comes to vaccines and proof of vaccination.
Acceptable vaccines are those approved or authorized by the Food and Drug Administration or World Health Organization, which currently includes the following vaccines:
“Fully vaccinated” means it has been two weeks since you received the second dose of a multi-dose vaccine or the first dose of a single dose vaccine. Receiving doses from any two different approved vaccines administered 17 days apart is acceptable. For example, if you received one dose of Pfizer and one dose of AstraZeneca, administered at least 17 days apart, you will be considered fully vaccinated.
A full 14 days must have passed since the day of your last dose of your COVID-19 vaccine series. For example, if you received your second dose of Pfizer on November 1, you will be considered fully vaccinated as of November 15.
Both US citizens and foreign nationals who are fully vaccinated should travel with proof of their vaccination status to provide to their airlines prior to departure to the United States. That proof of vaccination should be a paper or digital record issued by an official source and should include the traveler’s name and date of birth, as well as the vaccine product and date(s) of administration for all doses the traveler received.
The following travelers do not have to be vaccinated to enter the US at a land or ferry border crossing:
Note: Individuals engaged in essential travel will not be required to be vaccinated for COVID-19 at this time. Starting in January 2022, however, all inbound travelers seeking to enter the United States via land ports of entry or ferry terminals – whether for essential or non-essential reasons – must be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide related proof of vaccination.
No – there is no COVID-19 testing requirement for travelers at land borders or ferry terminals.
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Cross-border acquisitions and investments increasingly trigger foreign direct investment (FDI) screening requirements.
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On February 2, 2024, the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union confirmed that the Committee of Permanent Representatives had signed the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation, referred to as the AI Act. Approval by the EU Parliament followed on 13 March 2024, and the AI Act is likely to appear in the EU’s Official Journal around May 2024. The AI Act aims to establish a stringent legal framework governing the development, marketing, and utilisation of artificial intelligence within the region, thereby marking a significant advancement in the regulation of this burgeoning domain.
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The private credit market and direct lending have grown and diversified immensely in the past decade, offering alternative sources and terms of debt compared to those historically provided by the syndicated leveraged loan and public issuance markets. Consequently, they are fast becoming pivotal components in the capital ecosystem, so much so that the Bank of England consider that the private credit market is currently responsible for approximately $1.8 trillion of debt issuance, which is four times its size in 2015. This growth has been particularly pronounced in Europe and the US but there has also been significant activity in Asia.
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