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L’IA générative
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) soulève de nombreuses questions en matière de propriété intellectuelle (PI).
Mondial | Publication | mai 2021
Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 of 7 October 2020 on European crowdfunding service providers for business (the Regulation) will apply in all Member States as from 10 November 2021.
Its accompanying directive (EU) 2020/1504 (the Directive) amending directive 2014/65 EU (MiFID II) must be implemented into the laws of the Member States by 10 May 2021.
The Regulation establishes a harmonised legal framework for crowdfunding service providers (CSPs) operating a public digital platform in order to facilitate the matching of prospective investors or lenders with businesses (the Project Owners) that seek funding by way of loans (lending-based crowdfunding) or acquisition of transferable securities (investment-based crowdfunding).
The Regulation does not apply to:
i. Other types of crowdfunding, such as donation-based crowdfunding (where the funders do not receive any consideration) or reward-based crowdfunding (where the funders receive a non-financial consideration, like a copy of the project result);
ii. Crowdfunding offers with a consideration of more than €5,000,000 over a period of 12 months (which offers will instead be subject to the rules set out in MiFID II and Regulation EU 2017/1129 (the Prospectus Regulation));
iii. Crowdfunding offers where Project Owners are consumers.
In order to avoid a situation where the same activity would be subject to multiple authorisations within the EU, the Directive excludes legal persons authorised as CSPs from the scope of MiFID II.
A CSP falling within the scope of the Regulation will need to be authorised by the national competent authority (NCA) where it is established and, once authorised, it will be able to passport its services in other Member States.
The Regulation contains a transitional period for CSPs that are already engaged in activities that will require authorisation under the Regulation. Those CSPs can continue to engage in those activities on a transitional basis until 10 November 2022, following which they will only be able to engage in those activities if they have been authorised to do so by their NCA.
The Regulation contains organisational and operational requirements which include:
The Regulation provides investor protection measures, which vary depending on whether the investor would qualify as “sophisticated” or “non-sophisticated”, according to the criteria and procedure set forth in Annex II of the Regulation.
These measures include:
A PSP will need to be involved. A CSP may itself, or through a third party, provide payment services provided that the CSP or the third party is licenced as a PSP.
The European Commission will assess the necessity and proportionality of subjecting CSPs to obligations to comply with national law implementing Anti-Money Laundering Directive (Directive (EU) 2015/849).
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L’intelligence artificielle (IA) soulève de nombreuses questions en matière de propriété intellectuelle (PI).
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Depuis 2022, le gouvernement du Canada a apporté trois vagues de modifications à la Loi sur la concurrence (Loi), apportant des modifications importantes aux lois canadiennes sur la concurrence, les plus récentes modifications ayant reçu la sanction royale le 20 juin 2024. Notre publication sur toutes les modifications se trouve ici.
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Les systèmes d’IA générative sont entraînés au moyen de gros volumes de données, souvent tirées de sources du domaine public qui peuvent être protégées par le droit d’auteur ou d’autres droits de propriété intellectuelle, comme un droit sur les bases de données au Royaume-Uni et dans l’UE.
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